Why Throwing 'Over the Top' May Hurt Your Arm
May 16, 2012
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A common pitching mechanic still taught is to throw "Over the Top", causing many kids to throw like this:

But this may be causing serious increased risk for elbow AND shoulder injury.

This 2000 study:

found tilting the shoulders OVER 10 degrees significantly increased elbow stress:

while more than 20 degrees of shoulder tilt significantly increased shoulder stress:

That research was followed up with this 2006 study:

where 10 degrees of shoulder tilt was "the best":

What Does 10 Degrees of Shoulder Tilt Look Like?

while 40 degrees of shoulder tilt DOUBLED elbow stress:

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Dr. Arnold!